Biblical Archaeology and the Bible

I posed a question to AI (the internet’s “artificial intelligence”): “Has there ever been any piece of biblical information proven false?” The answer that came back: “Yes—individual biblical claims have been shown to conflict with established historical or scientific evidence, but no scholar claims that all biblical information has been proven false. The picture is mixed: some passages are strongly corroborated by archaeology and external records, while others are contradicted or remain unverified” (COPILOT; 7.3.26).

I pushed back against this answer and said archaeology does not prove anything and, moreover, archaeology is data that must be interpreted. COPILOT accepted this as a reasonable push back: “You’re right to push back here, Ron — and this is exactly the kind of precision you like.”

I want you to notice there is no evidence of the biblical record ever being “proved” false by archaeology. Archaeological data, by its very nature, is limited, because a small spec (or piece) of information is too little to make broad, sweeping claims. When I asked COPILOT about archaeological data disproving the Bible, COPILOT’S answer was in relation to the conquest of Canaan, a historical event that occurred around three thousand five hundred years ago, wherein archaeology is especially sparse. The archaeological data giving evidence of this is limited, but there is evidence. “… archaeology does not show a single, sweeping, rapid military conquest of Canaan, but it does show several specific destructions, burn layers, and cultural shifts that align with parts of Joshua … The evidence is mixed, and the interpretation depends heavily on chronology” (COPILOT 7.8.26).

Three things about this: first, COPILOT offered no direct contradictory evidence of the conquest; second, the data that is available is interpreted by some negatively; third, there is some evidence of destruction that corresponds with the biblical record. This means that assertions of “contradictions!” is factually false, a lie (at worst) or ignorance (at best). A negative interpretation of information/data that is available is not a contradiction, but a presupposed interpretation.

Thus, nothing proven false, only a negative (unbelieving) interpretation given.

There is some good to be said about “modern scholarship,” but one thing that stands out very badly against modern scholarship are its presumptions. In other words, some so-called scholars of today go into the realm of interpreting biblical data with the presupposition the Bible can’t be trusted as a historical record. They judge this through the lens of atheism, skepticism, and unbelief. Rather than let the record of biblical information stand on its own and reserve judgment until more information than is currently available comes to light, they take what little information there is and make sweeping judgments.

Peter warned that as some people do (did) this with the writings of Paul, we are reminded that some people will do the same with the data/information of the Scriptures, attempting to show the biblical record unreliable: “…as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; wherein are some things hard to be understood, which the ignorant and unstedfast wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction” (2 Peter 3:16). RT

Brethren

Often, in the New Testament, Christians are called brethren. The term brethren refers to the family relationship between God our Father, Christ our brother, and the fellow members of the body of Christ. Members of the church are the adopted children of God by the process of adoption He has described in His Word. Along with His only begotten Son, God the Father has adopted us as His children and has made us His heirs together with Jesus of the eternal home in His Glory. With God as our Father, the risen Savior as our brother, and the Holy Spirit as our guide, we are one family: “For all who are being led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God. For you have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you have received a spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out ‘Abba! Father!’ The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him” (Rom. 8:14-17).

Paul pleads for the church to be in unity, peace and harmony in Christ: “Now I exhort you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all agree and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be made complete in the same mind and in the same judgment” (1 Cor. 1:10). Without unity in doctrine with Christ, there cannot be a family relationship: “Beware, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God” (Heb. 3:12). Almost all New Testament writers remind us of our responsibilities as brethren, members of God’s family, to work together, guided by the gospel of Christ, caring for each other and helping each other remain faithful.

The teachings of Jesus often use nature to illustrate the close family relationship between Christ and His sanctified adopted children. The illustration of the vine and branches recorded in John 15:1-8 is an example. Jesus said: “I am the vine, you are the branches; he who abides in Me and I in him, he bears much fruit, for apart from Me you can do nothing” (v. 5) He also affirmed: “I am the true vine, and My Father is the vinedresser. Every branch in Me that does not bear fruit, He takes away; and every branch that bears fruit, He prunes it so that it may bear more fruit” (vv. 1-2). The close association of Christ to the members of His church is shown by the branches being attached to and drawing strength from the vine. A useless branch can be taken away, cut off as a family member.

Paul speaks of the adopted children of God, added to the vine, as being “grafted in among them and became partaker with them” (Rom. 11:17). He also writes of the planned adoption into God’s family: “He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind intention of His will” (Eph. 1:5). Peter refers to the brethren in the church as “A spiritual house for a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ” (1 Peter 2:5). And Paul stresses the need to keep the sanctified family of God pure and undefiled as he writes to the church in Corinth: “Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship has light with darkness? Or what harmony has Christ with Belial, or what has a believer in common with an unbeliever? Or what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; just as God said, ‘I will dwell in them and walk among them; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate,’ says the Lord. ‘and do not touch what is unclean; And I will welcome you. And I will be a father to you, And you shall be sons and daughters to Me,’ Says the Lord Almighty” (2 Cor. 6:14-18).

Paolo DiLuca

Paolo preaches for the Bridge Street Church of Christ, (1139 S. Bridge Street - PO Box 292; New Martinsville WV 26155)

God’s Divine Institution

 In the first 4 chapters of Ephesians, the Lord’s apostle (Paul) gave some brief attention to a divine institution called the church, the church that belongs to Jesus. There are some today who speak of the importance of the church, but not in the same way the New Testament does. They speak of the importance of attendance but only in respect to “Attend the church of your choice.”  

The importance of the church in the New Testament is great. In Ephesians 4:11-16, we receive guidance from the Holy Spirit concerning a significant function of the local church. The Lord gave gits unto those He chose for the purpose, in Ephesians 4:11-16, to build up the body of Christ, the church (1:22-23). Those who received gifts of the Holy Spirit are men in positions of leadership and service. They had significant roles in the church to teach (4:11), with the immediate goal of edification (4:12), teaching the brethren to pattern themselves after the Lord Jesus (4:13-15). The corresponding result of that teaching would be (and is) glory to God (4:16).  

The elders (also known as bishops / pastors / presbyters) of the Lord’s local church of Christ needs to give attention to those within, not to those outside. This is an important point to emphasize. There are many “policemen” in the brotherhood who seek to point out the failings of others (individuals and churches). Their benefit to the Lord and the brethren is minimal, if any exist at all. Probably, it is more accurate to say they cause more harm than good. Those part of this “policemen posse” refuse to see themselves as the problem, but instead see themselves as “sound brethren,” faithful to the Lord in all respects seeking to thin out the chaff (as they determine it).

Some in the community responds: “There they go! Fighting again. I’m glad I am not a member of that church!”

An important lesson to learn: Within the local church, let us give attention to the Lord, His Word, and how each of us within that body can better serve the Lord and our neighbors. Let us be mindful of the two great commandments of the Lord (Matthew 22:34-40), and remember there are some in the world and, sadly, the brotherhood, who seek the local church’s impairment. Give them no attention, but serve the Lord faithfully in action, worship, and understanding His will. “Wherefore be ye not foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is” (Eph. 5:17, ASV).

Ron Thomas, editor Bulletin Gold

Is My Speck a Plank?

     All scripture has been given by the inspiration of God (2 Timothy 3:16-17). If we study His word, meditate upon it and keep it in our heart, we can know His desires for us. Some Scriptures, for me, are more powerful than others. It does not lessen the value of any others though. I have been reflecting upon these Scriptures most recently and they pierce me to the heart. I pray that you may consider and reflect on these as well.

Luke 18:9-14 “Also He spoke this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others: ‘Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, “God, I thank You that I am not like other men—extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax collector. I fast twice a week; I give tithes of all that I possess.”  And the tax collector, standing afar off, would not so much as raise his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, “God, be merciful to me a sinner!”  I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted.’”

Matthew 7:1-6 “Judge not, that you be not judged.  For with what judgment you judge, you will be judged; and with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you. And why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye, but do not consider the plank in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me remove the speck from your eye’; and look, a plank is in your own eye?  Hypocrite! First remove the plank from your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.”

1 Samuel 16:7 “But the Lord said to Samuel, ‘Do not look at his appearance or at his physical stature, because I have refused him. For the Lord does not see as man sees; for man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.’”

     These verses challenge my thinking, particularly as I consider my own faith and as I try to encourage others to follow Christ. Truth is, every single one of us have eye problems. We all have a speck or a beam. We are sinful people (Romans 3:23). Out of love we should care for our brother and sister. We should not lift ourselves up as the Pharisee to say that I am better than others, but we should humble ourselves as the sinner did.

     God did not teach not to judge. We are fruit inspectors in every way (Matthew 7:15-20). By the fruits of others, we will know them. The point is, if I judge another, I need to be prepared to be judged by the same judgement. It is so easy to notice what others are doing in their Christian lives. Many times, we look at the behavior in others and see glaring inadequacies and hypocritical behavior. We become quick to judge that person or persons without thinking of our own shortcomings in our service to the Lord and interactions with others. Often, we are quick to see the hypocritical behaviors in others because it is the same hypocritical behaviors we display.

     Judgement by Christians is often made of others in regard to clothing, hair style, interactions, and other things that can be very superficial and a matter of choice rather than salvation. I need to remember that some choices do not reflect a hope of salvation. I pray that as we look at others, we may consider our own choices and have patience and love with those around us. -Scott Judge

Scott M. Judge, Preacher, Elm Grove Church of Christ, Elm Grove, Ohio; He can be reached at: bbison7618@gmail.com

James & the Great Blessing of Prayer

The Book of James has been called “The Book of Monday-through-Saturday-Religion.” That’s not a bad description, considering how very practical the teachings of its 108 verses are for our lives today. Especially refreshing and informative are its teachings on the subject of prayer. Take time to study the following notes.

James tells us the most fundamental principle of prayer. “Let him ask of God” (1:5). Prayer is not an empty communication into the air; it is speaking directly to the Creator and Sustainer of this universe (who is my Father!). How simple the thought— “You do not have because you do not ask” (4:2). But prayer is more than just asking for things. It is my greatest opportunity to “draw near to God” (4:8) and to “bless our God” (3:9). Oh, what a blessing!

James tells us when and for what we should pray. At the very beginning of his letter, James encourages us, “If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God” (1:5). There’s not a single one of us who does not need to beg for “the wisdom that is from above” (3:17). “Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray” (5:13). While we might think our suffering is ever-present, it really is not. But God is ever-present, ready to be there with us and to strengthen us. Oh, what a blessing!

James tells us that our prayers should look beyond ourselves. Oh, how the church would benefit tremendously today if we would each practice these four words—“Pray for one another” (5:16). This verse is especially addressing the need to pray for one another’s spiritual condition (“your trespasses”), but two verses earlier also addressed the need to pray for physical conditions and illnesses (“anyone among you is sick,” 5:14). Praying for one another—oh, what a blessing!

James tells us how we should pray. After telling us to ask of God, he says, “But let him ask in faith, with no doubting” (1:6). We need to put our unwavering trust in God. We do this when we “submit to God” (4:7), “humble [ourselves] in the sight of the Lord” (4:10), and pray with a heart that says, “If the Lord wills...” (4:15). If you do not approach the throne of grace in this manner, consider these words, “You ask and do not receive because you ask amiss” (4:3). Asking in faith—oh, what a blessing!

James tells us that prayer is powerful. The prophet Elijah is set forth as a great example of the power of prayer in the life of an ordinary man of God who “prayed earnestly” (5:17). The account of Elijah is used to illustrate this great point: “The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much” (5:16). Prayer—oh, what a blessing! — David Sproule

From the Great Smokey Mountain Messenger, 3078 Veterans Blvd. Pigeon Forge, TN 37863; 865.428.9749; Church@gsmchurchofchrist.com

WHERE DID IT COME FROM?

Ron Bartenan

      A five-year-old girl from the city was visiting her grandparents on their farm during harvest time.  She watched in wonder as they picked produce from their garden.  The grandparents, thinking to use this experience as a means of teaching her about God’s provisions, let her shuck some corn and break some beans, explaining to her that the corn and beans were blessings from God.   She enjoyed doing something different for a while, but after a few minutes she looked at her grandmother and said, “You know you could buy these things in the grocery store, don’t you?”

     Such reactions from little children amuse us as we realize that the limited experience of children may not allow them to understand where the things they take for granted actually come from.  Milk comes from jugs in the grocery store.  Beans and corn come from the produce section.  There is little if any thought as to how they got there.  While their lack of understanding may amuse us, it is sad to realize that adults are oftentimes devoid of understanding.  They take their environment for granted, with little or no thought as to how it got here.  An evolutionary explanation becomes acceptable because that makes us without obligation to anyone.  Even those who see God as Creator are prone to forget that He is the giver of every good and perfect gift (James 1:17). God warned the people of Israel through the words of Moses:

     “When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shalt bless the Lord thy God for the good land which he hath given thee.  Beware that thou forget not the Lord thy God in not keeping his commandments and his judgments, and his statutes which I command thee this day: lest when thou hast eaten and art full, and hast built goodly houses, and dwelt therein; and when thy herds and thy flocks multiply, and thy silver and thy gold is multiplied, and all that thou hast is multiplied; then thine heart is lifted up and thou forget the Lord thy God, which brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage;… and thou say in thine heart, My power and the might of mine hand hath gotten me this wealth.  But thou shalt remember the Lord thy God, for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth….” (Deuteronomy 8:10-14, 17-18a).

     Isn’t it easy to forget where it all came from? After all, we sweat and toil that we might enjoy the fruits of our labors yet forget that we are dependent upon God for our every breath.  What I have is mine (my family, my house, my car, my clothes, etc.).  In actuality, we are but users and stewards of what God has provided for us.  He declares, “Every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills.  I know all the fowls of the mountains; and the wild beasts of the field are mine.  If I were hungry, I would not tell thee: for the world is mine, and the fulness thereof” (Psalms 50:10-12). 

     When God’s nation, Israel, forgot where their blessings came from, God reminded them by withholding rain from their land and giving their land to foreign nations.  Our nation, we are told, is no longer a Christian nation, overlooking the fact that our forefathers established this nation and its government upon Christian principles, which have been a blessing to us and the world.  If we forget this fact, and forget God as our Benefactor, should we be surprised at an economic crisis? He tells us in Psa. 50:22, “Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver.”  And again: “The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God.”      

Ron Bartenan; retired preacher living in Milton, Florida. He can be reached at ron33dor@yahoo.com

CAN I MAKE A RECOMMENDATION?

By Rick McCurdy

So, you hear that a friend or co-worker is headed to a city/country that you have visited. What do you do? Of course, you begin to give recommendations of things to see and places to eat. Maybe you even offer a few warnings of things to avoid. Do you do this because you are a self-righteous know-it-all who must always be telling people what to do? Of course not! You do it because you want the other person to have the best possible outcome during their upcoming venture. Do they think you are being overbearing and judgmental? Of course not! They appreciate your input and will keep it in mind during their upcoming venture.

What if a friend or coworker stated that they were looking for a movie to see or a book to read? What would you do? Obviously, you would give recommendations based upon what you know about the other person. You might even query them to ascertain what they are looking for in said move/book experience, to better advise them. Again, will they feel put upon by your recommendations? Will you be perceived as a power-hungry dictator? No, you will be thanked for your input, which they might very well heed.

Brethren, we are possessors of the most powerful thing in the universe. “For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes” (Rom. 1:16). It also happens to be the most sought-after thing in all the universe, even if most won’t acknowledge it. Knowing this, how ought we to approach those around us in the world? Might we be so bold as to make a recommendation or two, here and there?

We must know what we would share. We must be able to convey the good news, emphasizing what makes it so “good”. We must love it so much that it is obvious. We must not be afraid to speak the truth of eternity, for all will face it. We must make the effort to get to know the people around us and not just shovel seed onto wayside/rocky soil. That takes time and effort. Consider the recommendation of our Lord, “’You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets” (Matt. 22:39-40). That brings us to the next point.

We must care enough to dare (to make recommendations). Might the people we speak to think we are one of “those” people? Yes, they might. Are we ashamed of the gospel? Aren’t we one of those (His) people? Might the people we speak to be mean to us and sever our relationship? It’s possible. If we do it from love it would seem less likely, but even if it does come to pass isn’t that exactly what our Lord said and suffered?

Remember the rich man from Luke 16? Finding himself in torments he begged Abraham to send anyone to his brothers on earth “lest they come to this place of torment”. Every person we encounter, more than likely, has a deceased relative in that very position with that very desire. Here we are, with the power of God to salvation. Will we make a recommendation?