In Matthew 12:39-40, Scripture reads: But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet: for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth (ASV).
Was Jesus three days and three nights in the tomb? If that is so, then what some are saying about a Friday crucifixion is wrong because that is only two nights, one full day, and two partial days. So, what are we to understand?
To complicate this, notice the words of biblical scholar Leon Morris: “As we count time, three days and three nights points inexorably to three periods of twenty-four hours each” (Matthew, p. 325). Thus, if we press the matter of three days/nights use in Matthew 12, it would be the fourth day in which Jesus had risen from the dead; three full days and three full nights equals seventy-two hours, meaning that at the moment the resurrection occurred after the three full days/night it would be the fourth day. Since Jesus was raised from the dead on the third day, the expression in Matthew 12 needs explanation.
The timeline in the Gospel accounts has Jesus, clearly, given over to the Romans for a crucifying death on the sixth day (our Friday). In Luke 23, Jesus was on the Cross and taken down from the Cross, placed in the tomb on the day of preparation before the sabbath (23:54). The ESV reads: “It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning.”
Here is what we know (working backwards): Jesus was resurrected early on the first day of the week. Jesus was in the tomb during the whole of the seventh day. According to Luke, on the sixth day, He was arrested in the Garden, suffered through sham trails, nailed to the cross at the noon hour (the sixth day three-quarters over), taken down, and placed in the tomb on the day of Preparation (also called a “high-day” this particular year, meaning "…this was the day of preparation for the Sabbath and the Passover” (NET study note on John 19:31)).
Thus, it was on the sixth day (Friday) our Lord was crucified and lain to rest in the tomb, sealed with a very heavy boulder / rock.
So, what about the expression in Matthew 12? If the information from AI’s Copilot is of any authority, the expression is a Hebrew idiom. “In Hebrew usage, ‘three days and three nights’ is an idiomatic way of saying a period that ends on the third day, not a literal 72‑hour span. Any part of a day counts as a full day” (9/2/26).
An “idiom” is defined as an expression that is not intended to be interpreted literally. Let me offer an Illustration of an idiom in our language: “Did you see the game Friday night? It was a bloodbath, beaten 55-0.” A “bloodbath”? An expression that means a beatdown, a lopsided win on the victor’s side.
The biblical record, chronologically, is clear, and the idiom gives explanation to why Jesus made use of the expression.
Ron Thomas